UDR, Inc (NYSE: UDR), an S&P 500 company, is a leading multifamily real estate investment trust with a demonstrated performance history of delivering superior and dependable returns by successfully managing, buying, selling, developing and redeveloping attractive real … [84] As a result, UDR patrols were issued with pockets of small change to use in telephone boxes in order to effectively report back to base. To the GOC the prospect of having a larger number of Catholic officers and NCOs in the UDR would dampen much of the political furore surrounding the regiment. Despite being gravely injured in an IRA ambush Glass managed to survive, killing one of his attackers, Joseph McManus in the process. [74] Metal caltrops were used at vehicle check points [75] to puncture tyres on cars trying to escape roadblocks. [91], 25% of the new recruits in 1970 had no previous military or special constabulary experience. [212] The hope of the British Army's commander was that the process of amalgamation with the Rangers, coupled with the change of name, would be a fresh start for what he says was a "discredited UDR". Rank badges were as for infantry NCOs and officers and worn in the same fashion. It is not the intention to employ the new forces on crowd control or riot duties in cities.[2]. [17][18] While the Northern Ireland cabinet remained supportive of the USC, it was put to them at a London meeting on 19 August that disbanding the USC was top of the British Government's agenda. Some of these were stolen from soldiers homes. Sometimes this was to gain information or to persuade soldiers to join (or remain within) loyalist organisations. During the concept stage of the UDR the major armed threat to the state was the Irish Republican Army (IRA). [164] There were isolated incidents where Catholic UDR soldiers 'lost' weapons in suspicious circumstances, but "neither the number of weapons nor the threat is thought to be great". [34] The first regimental commander was a WW2 veteran of some distinction, Brigadier Logan Scott-Bowden CBE DSO MC & Bar.[35]. If they have to kill, let them kill each other, not English soldiers."[119]. [150] Three members of the UVF and one UDA member killed during the conflict were also soldiers of the regiment at the time of their deaths. 29 June 1991 – The first colours were presented by the Queen to five battalions at Thiepval Barracks, November 1991 – 6 UDR was presented at St Lucia Barracks, Omagh by, April 1992 – The last colours were presented by, A selection of the memorials to the fallen of the UDR found in churches, High Streets and memorial gardens in Northern Ireland and England. Under the command of a regular army lieutenant colonel seconded to the UDR. Men are armed with self-loading rifles or sub-machine guns. [56], The company commander of C Company, (Newry), 3 UDR, was the former commander of the TA unit and was pleased to see that virtually all of his TA soldiers were on parade, in the TA Centre, in exactly the same drill hall as they had previously used, for the first night of the new regiment. [131] They were advised to maintain a high degree of fitness. Before then, the main security forces were the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC), the most notorious unit of which was the "B Specials". His second-in-command (Deputy Commander UDR), Colonel Kevin Hill, was also Catholic, as was his successor Colonel Paddy Ryan. [224], Officers who are awarded the Ulster Defence Regiment medal may use the post-nominal letters UD. In at least one case (2 UDR) they were chosen by the men themselves. [43], A memorial to the UDR was erected in Lisburn, to "recognise the self sacrifice of the soldiers, both men and women, from all traditions of the UK". [54] Lt Col Dion Beard (1RTR) commander of 3 UDR issued a battalion order: I will not tolerate any active participation by members of this battalion in any organisation which encourages violence... you cannot play in both teams. In 1990 the UDR Training Centre became responsible for all military training in Northern Ireland. [127] Some soldiers (male and female) were inclined to settle in Northern Ireland after their time in the army was finished and for female ex-soldiers and the wives of male ex-soldiers being a Greenfinch seemed to be an attractive and familiar career. Ron Mace, North Carolina State University, envisioned universal design as a means to promote the design of products and environments that would appeal to all people, yet meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to provide access for individuals with disabilities. [57], Unlike the USC, who were controlled by the Stormont government in Belfast, the UDR was under the direct command of the General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland (GOCNI), the commander of the British Army in Northern Ireland. [184] Soldiers were cautioned as to whom they should socialise with. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948, was the result of the experience of the Second World War. An Phoblacht claimed that the UDR had secret "death squads" (See: Glenanne gang) sponsored by United Kingdom Special Forces[201] and that members of the UDR (in collusion with British Intelligence) were behind the Dublin and Monaghan bombings. The raising of UDR battalions on a county basis followed the pattern of raising militias. Training was done by a team of regular soldiers attached to each unit headed up by a training major, assisted by former instructors from the armed forces who were recruits themselves. [40], Premises were acquired from diverse sources including wooden huts in army training centres, USC huts or whatever accommodation could be found in regular army barracks or Territorial Army Centres. Many lived in Protestant or Catholic enclaves which put them within easy reach of local paramilitary or community groups. The first recorded use of this weapon[143] was against a mobile patrol from 2 UDR on 1 March 1991. [19], The Hunt Report commissioned by the Government of Northern Ireland published on 3 October 1969, recommended that the RUC "should be relieved of all duties of a military nature as soon as possible". [46] All seven battalions were led by former commandants of the USC. [50] By 1987 Catholic membership was 4%. In later years some women became battalion adjutants or company commanders and a few were attached to brigade staffs throughout Northern Ireland.[124]. [84] When radios were issued they were of the type used by the regular army such as Larkspur A41 manpacks, B47 and C42 vehicle mounted sets. [216] The unit citation confers the right of the regiment to be known as "The Ulster Defence Regiment CGC". Army strength was to be reduced from 160,000 to 110,000; the infantry to reduce from 55 battalions to 38. [178] The investigation was halted after a senior UDR officer claimed it was harming morale. Battalions were to be commanded by "local members of the force". [178], In 1989, twenty-eight UDR soldiers were arrested as part of the Stevens Inquiries into alleged collusion with loyalist paramilitaries. He pointed to the Ulster Unionist Party as an example of an organisation that included the word Ulster and had many Catholic members. When the Ulster Defence Regiment was first established, there was a huge attempt to recruit as many Roman Catholics as possible. [157], The first UDR soldier to be killed was Private Winston Donnell, aged 22, from the Strabane Company of 6 UDR, who was Killed in action on 9 August 1971 at a vehicle checkpoint (as part of the internment call-out) close to the Clady Bridge border crossing. The primary function of the regiment was to assist the Royal Ulster Constabulary by "guarding key points and installations, to carry out patrols and to establish check points and road blocks against armed guerrilla-type attacks". They are the custodians of the natural world: the Spirit Walkers. The Under-Secretary of State for the British Army said "the Government considered that the use of the word 'Ulster' is, frankly, unimportant". With the end of that war, and the creation of the United Nations, the international community vowed never again to allow atrocities like those of that conflict happen again. World leaders decided to complement the UN Charter with a road map to guarantee the rights of every individual everywhere. County Down (3 UDR) – The Down Regiment of Militia, later known as the Royal North Down Rifles (here there is a tenuous connection with 7 UDR) and (in 1881) split into two separate units, 3 Royal Irish Rifles (the North Down Militia) and the Royal South Down Light Infantry, later known as 5 Royal Irish Rifles (the South Down Militia). 22 died "by their own hand" and 220 died of natural causes, mostly heart attack. Unionist political parties protested, particularly the DUP who immediately relaunched their 1989 "Hands Off the UDR" campaign. 212, Susan McKay, Basic Battle Skills. [52], By March 1970, there had been 4,791 applications to join, of which 946 were from Catholics and 2,424 from current or former members of the B-Specials. "Researchers for the Pat Finucane Centre have trawled through official records in the British Public Record Office which confirm conclusively that senior officers in the British army and successive secretaries of state were fully aware of the sectarian nature of the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) and that it was riddled with loyalist terrorists many of whom were killers.....These records lay bare the lies, … The UDR, which was not regular line infantry was, in the words of one commander, "like a fish without feathers". Applicants were divided into three categories: those who were immediately deemed acceptable, those who were to be immediately rejected, and those whose applications threw up doubt about their suitability. "[59], The regiment would be commanded by a regular army brigadier. [50] By the end of 1972 the number of Catholics in the UDR had dropped to 3% and never rose above that figure again. Their purpose in doing so was to obtain weapons, training and intelligence. In 1950, on the second anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, students at the UN International Nursery School in New York viewed a poster of the historic document. The beret was retained as headgear for men and women in best dress. In many cases the radios were operated by Greenfinches (female soldiers),[71] whose husbands or sons and/or daughters were on one of the active patrols, which led to tense moments when mobile units or foot patrols came under attack and submitted a "contact report" by radio. Normally fixed to the back of a commercial vehicle such as a builder's lorry, the vehicle would be parked in position near a barracks and the devices fired by timing device or remote controlled sending missiles made from gas cylinders into the barracks compound. Some felt betrayed and resigned immediately,[49] while others made application to join the UDR as soon as forms were available. [31][32], General Sir John Anderson GCB, KCB DSO (5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards) was appointed as the first Colonel Commandant. [115] A patrol from 7 UDR was able to prevent loyalists from throwing stones and bottles at regular troops in the Ballybeen estate in Dundonald. The Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) was an infantry regiment of the British Army established in 1970, with a comparatively short existence ending in 1992. Each was assisted by a regular army quartermaster, a corporal clerk, a civil service Clerical Officer to act as Chief Clerk, and a typist. [105][106] Catholics within the regiment also reported being intimidated by Protestant fellow soldiers. 1950's: Universal Design (UD) began to be explored by Europe, Japan, and the United States. The final draft by Cassin was handed to the Commission on Human Rights, which was being held in Geneva. [128] In the short-term all came to appreciate the value of having females with patrols. By its resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948, the General Assembly, meeting in Paris, adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with eight nations abstaining from the vote but none dissenting. [186], A draft document, entitled Subversion in the UDR, was amongst many released in 2005 and discovered in the Public Record Office. [47], The response from the B Specials was mixed. An out of bounds list was compiled which included pubs and clubs known to be frequented by loyalist paramilitaries. . She was also the first female from the security forces to die in the Troubles.[128][135]. Pyephones continued to be used for foot patrols but the range of these sets gradually improved. A catalogue of incidents ensued, such as Specials from Tynan shooting dead an unarmed civil rights demonstrator in Armagh on 14 August 1969. Their newspaper continued to criticise the UDR and after amalgamation, the Royal Irish Regiment (Home Service), referring to it as "The Murder Regiment".[208]. The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969 received Royal Assent on 18 December 1969[30] and was brought into force on 1 January 1970. [20] The new force was to be "impartial in every sense" and "remove the responsibility of military-style operations from the police". During this period Ian Paisley announced to the press that soldiers in Ballymena had been requested to report to barracks to be disarmed prior to the part-time cadre being disbanded. With her were René Cassin of France, who composed the first draft of the Declaration, the Committee Rapporteur Charles Malik of Lebanon, Vice-Chairman Peng Chung Chang of China, and John Humphrey of Canada, Director of the UN’s Human Rights Division, who prepared the Declaration’s blueprint. The name Greenfinch applied to the women's UDR comes from the system of radio "appointment titles" (codewords) used by the army to identify certain people or branches of the service. On the formation of operations platoons, narrow coloured slides were adopted and worn on the shoulder straps in battalion colours. Initially, the weapons issued were of WW2 vintage such as Lee–Enfield rifles and Sten submachine guns. Alice came to us a few years ago as a senior and was fostered by Darlene and family. By the end of 1972, the vast majority had resigned or simply stopped turning up for duty. The event was attended by around 100 UDR families, joined by the Northern Ireland Minister of State, Hugo Swire, DUP Junior Minister Jonathan Bell and UUP deputy leader John McCallister. [96], From 1975 onwards specially trained search teams were created to comb the countryside and derelict buildings for illegal stashes of weapons and explosives. Another 61 were killed after they had left the UDR. UDR Long Service and Good Conduct Medal ribbon, The Elizabeth Cross and dress miniature in presentation case, The City of Belfast and a number of boroughs throughout Northern Ireland paid their own tribute to the regiment by granting freedoms including: North Down, Larne, and Newtownards. At first there were not enough radios to issue to each patrol and those available were of the PYE "Bantam" type used by the police, which did not have sufficient range. He noted there were some former B Specials in the room and observed they did not initially associate with the others – not on the grounds of religion but because the former TA soldiers all knew each other socially and sat together on canteen breaks whereas the former specials kept to their group of comrades, but within a week both had melded together. [148], The threat to former UDR soldiers continues - dissident republicans warned in 2010 that they intend to kill them. As the force was initially part-time the presence of its soldiers was mostly felt during evenings and weekends. Incorporation as infantry of the line might provide UDR officers with career prospects which mirrored those of the regular army and hopefully resolve the problem of recruiting junior officers. [44] In addition to the problem of finding officers there had to be observant of the Protestant/Catholic ratio but by March 1971, 18 Catholic officers had been recruited and the total number of officers was just enough for battalions to function at their current strengths. [185], The Stevens Report resulted in a tightening of control on even the most low-rated intelligence documents and heightened accountability. Find the latest UDR, Inc. (UDR) stock quote, history, news and other vital information to help you with your stock trading and investing. With the end of that war, and the creation of the United Nations, the international community vowed never again to allow atrocities like those of that conflict happen For each battalion there was a minimum requirement of: To recruit company and platoon officers, Scott-Bowden and his subordinates were obliged to award instant commissions to people deemed suitable. [84], As with all British military recruits, training started with an introduction to basic battle skills and the book of the same name, which, where possible, was issued to each individual soldier. The (above) calculated return corresponds to the past 10-year history of UDR Inc (UDR). The DUP press office claimed that the use of English officers and senior NCOs was "London and Dublin insisting the UDR could not be trusted". UDR’s internship program is designed to provide positive learning/work experience, providing an opportunity to grow and sharpen practical work skills while contributing towards the success of the company. By the end of the 1970s, the permanent cadre had been raised to sixteen platoons. [55] This was partially explained by the fact that in the mostly Catholic town of Newry, the Territorial Army company of the Royal Irish Fusiliers had been disbanded in 1968 and the vast majority of its soldiers had joined the UDR en masse. Earnings History: The Shorland was not generally popular due to its instability on the road. After equipment shortages were resolved, male soldiers dressed in a similar fashion to regular army units. [54] Vetting procedures were carried out jointly by Army Intelligence and the RUC's Special Branch and if no intelligence was found to suggest unsuitability individuals were passed for recruitment and would remain as soldiers until the commanding officer was provided with intelligence enabling him to remove soldiers with paramilitary links or sympathies.[164]. The true story of the UDR will always be reflected in the disproportionate number of losses inflicted on the UDR by republicans demonstrating a Regiment which in the whole acted incredibly restrained in the face of an unbelievable, relentless and barbaric murder campaign inflicted upon those 40 000 men and women republicans referred to as 'legitimate targets'. [217] During the award ceremony in Belfast the Queen paid tribute to the regiment: In total 953 individuals received awards through the British honours system including: 12 Queen's Gallantry Medals; 2 Military Medals; 88 BEMs; 108 OBEs and 276 Mentions in Despatches,[219] however for most UDR soldiers the presentation of decorations assumed the form of "service" or "campaign" medals including: The award of "UDR specific" long service medals had complex rules which meant that not very many were ever issued. [26] Proponents of this Amendment were concerned to ensure that the word "Ulster" be removed from the name of the regiment. [81] Gun-running across these coastal estuaries ceased as a result. After Ulsterisation began in 1976, many battalion headquarters had full-sized permanent cadre companies and these would maintain a 24-hour presence in the battalion's "tactical area of responsibility" (TAOR).
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