The Sijori was established in 1994 between three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries.It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989, which includes Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and a part of Riau Islands Province (in Indonesia), specifically the Riau Archipelago. Current research on development in the SIJORI Growth Triangle - predominated by Hutchinson (2015), Hutchinson und Chong (2016) Compared to the SIJORI Growth Triangle construct, the emergence of a “greater Singaporean oil and gas hub” expanding beyond the city-state to the neighbouring Riau Islands and Johor, is a rather recent development. Its three points are Singapore, Johor Bahru and Indonesia’s Riau Islands. The Timor-Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle (TIA-GT) is a combined initiative of the regions of Eastern Indonesia, Northern Australia, and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.This initiative aims to promote and foster economic growth through integrated economic development in the region that these nations reside in. Launched in 1989 and encompassing Singapore, the Malaysian state of Johor, and Batam Island in Indonesia, the SIJORI Growth Triangle sought to market these territories as a ‘single investment destination’ offering differing factor endowments in close proximity. Kumar, S. (1994), ‘Johor-Singapore-Riau Growth Triangle: A Model of Subregional Cooperation’, in M. Thant, M. Tang and H. Kakazu (eds), Growth Triangles in Asia: A New Approach to Regional Economic Cooperation (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press). SIJORI Growth Triangle and Iskandar Malaysia SIJORI Growth Triangle. The economic growth was created by the combination of headquarter and hub-port function, sophisticated manufacturing industries such as petroleum refineries and "Economic Cooperation in SIJORI Growth Triangle: An Indonesian Perspective," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, vol. SIJORI (Singapore-Johor-Riau Islands) Growth Triangle is a strategic partnership among Singapore, Johor and Riau Islands that combine the individual and collective strength to improve the subregion attractiveness to investors from both the region and international. This triangle area had shown remarkable growth performances in the 1990s. (2004) for instance, highlight that the relations are by no means equilateral, especially with regard to Johor-Riau ties. the Triangle. Despite the initial enthusiasm surrounding the so-called SIJORI Growth Triangle, there is little recent research ... read more Focussing on the electronics sector, this paper looks at the two ‘non-core’ regions of Johor and Batam to see how they are faring and where their investment come from. It, therefore, provides a suitable case study to explore the Sparke et al. … (SIJORI) Growth Triangle. Google Scholar The idea of a ‘growth triangle’ was first mooted in the late 1980s and came into being in December 1994, when a memorandum was signed, founding the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle (IMS-GT).