The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931,[7] by Viceroy and Governor-General Lord Irwin. [79], The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at prices for the year 2011–12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 trillion (short scale), which is an increase of 18.7 percent over the previous fiscal. The literacy rate of 75.3% in 1991 increased to 86.2% in the 2011 census and further to 88.7% in 2017-18. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. [8], Old Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of ₹1,595 billion (US$22 billion) in nominal terms and ~₹6,800 billion (US$95 billion) in PPP terms. It is officially called the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). [110], The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Noida in the National Capital Region of India. [69] New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is the highest in Delhi. New Delhi's per capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. [60], In December 2019, IIT Bombay, in partnership with the McKelvey School of Engineering of Washington University in St. Louis, launched the Aerosol and Air Quality Research Facility to study air pollution in New Delhi, among other Indian cities. [67], As of 2011, New Delhi city (the area under NDMC) has a population of 257,803 while New Delhi district has a population of 142,004. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the managing director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of New Delhi's road infrastructure: National Highways passing through New Delhi. The line was shifted to run along the Yamuna River, and it began operating in 1924. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. At the apex of revenue hierarchy is the Divisional Commissioner who is also the District Magistrate of Delhi and Inspector General of … [30] Since the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Subsequently, housing for them has developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. [70], According to 2011 census, Hinduism is the religion of 89.8% of New Delhi's population. [77] New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets. The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around a wide central vista, Shanti Path.[29]. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. [23][24] As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. [103] The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International. [83] The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (2012, August) Statistical Abstract of Delhi 2012. According to a media release issued by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) on July 16, 2015, the SECC enumeration had thrown up around 46 lakh castes, sub … Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993. [102], In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The NCT covers an area of 1,484 … According to 2011 Census, 57.1% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 43.63% of Indian people have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue. Delhi (English: / ˈ d ɛ l i /; Hindi: [ˈdɪlːiː] Dillī; Punjabi: [ˈdɪlːiː] Dillī; Urdu: [ˈdɛɦliː] Dêhlī), officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India (ORGI), Provisional Population Totals Paper 2 of India & States/UTs Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath. [94], Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). [20][116][117] All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture. The one, Climate data for New Delhi (Safdarjung) 1981–2010, extremes 1901–present, The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway (DND Flyway). Image Source : WIKIPEDIA. [87], In the year 2019, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and Government of India introduced the Central Vista redevelopment project proposing the redevelopment of over 440 Hectares,[119] costing ₹20,000 crore (US$2.8 billion)[120], The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. [56] "In bordering areas, PM 2.5 levels were recorded more than 400 (ug/m3) while in inner areas in Delhi, they were recorded between 150 and 210 on an average. The lowest index recorded was in the Anand Vihar district with an index of 319. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January. Until December 1911 Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Raj. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad Fort, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort. Healthy Life, Healthy India: campaign launched offering help to vulnerable needy people “When we have 36 Crores individuals who are starving for at least one meal- a day, living in poverty, we should concentrate our The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. 4th BRICS Summit in New Delhi in 2012 and First plenary session of the Asian Regional Conference of, International relations and organisations, Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991, United States Environmental Protection Agency, lieutenant governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, chief minister of the Union Territory of Delhi, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, List of twin towns and sister cities in India, Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation, "Delhi (India): Districts, Cities and Towns – Population Statistics, Charts and Map", "New Delhi: One of History's Best-Kept Secrets", "New Delhi becomes the capital of Independent India", "86 years ago New Delhi took over as power capital of India", "In 1911, Rush to Name Delhi as Capital Causes a Crush", "Was New Delhi a Death Knell for Calcutta? New Delhi (/ ˈ d ɛ l i / (), Hindi: [ˈnəiː ˈdɪlːiː] Naī Dillī) is the capital of India and an administrative district of NCT Delhi.New Delhi is also the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and the Supreme Court of India.. However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets. Several other lines are under construction and expected to be commissioned in 2017 adding another 150 km length. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48[85] was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. New Delhi Updated on: February 10, 2021 14:32 IST . Presently, the Delhi Metro network consists of 389 kilometres (242 miles) of track, with 285 stations. Of these, 10.1 million (3.9% of total child population) are working, either as ‘main worker’ or as ‘marginal worker’. [9] The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi, which is in the centre of northern India. The Centre on Wednesday told Rajya Sabha that there is no proposal yet to release the report on caste census, Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC), that was carried out in 2011. Accessed September 26, 2018. [58], In a 2018 study, New Delhi was found to be the most polluted capital out of 61 capital cities around the world. New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes. References & Resources. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious Legion of Honour by the French government for his contribution to Delhi Metro. [11][12][13][14] Three days later, George V and his consort, Queen Mary, laid the foundation stone of New Delhi at Kingsway Camp. [53], In an attempt to lessen air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worse during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered licence plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015. Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. [21] A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. New Delhi: The government has no proposal at present to release the report of the caste census carried out in 2011, … The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi is the second leading megacity in the world (The World's Cities in 2018, Data Booklet, United Nations, 2018) and the largest urban agglomeration in India with 1.68 crore … [55], Analysing real-time vehicle speed data from Uber Delhi revealed that during the odd-even program, average speeds went up by a statistically significant 5.4 per cent (2.8 standard deviation from normal). "Edwin Lutyens, New Delhi, and the Architecture of Imperialism,", This page was last edited on 7 March 2021, at 03:08. In addition, trucks were to be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 pm, two hours later than the existing restriction. The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. [6] It was designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. 116,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city. However, it had become the centre of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century, which led to the Partition of Bengal by Viceroy Lord Curzon. New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. Indices of area, production and yield with revised base TE (2007-08)- As per 2 nd Advance Estimates for 2012-13.. Operation Guidelines for the 12 th Five Year Plan(2012-17) Central Sector Schemes of Integrated Scheme of Agriculture Census, Economics and Statistics [45][46] The World Health Organization ranked New Delhi as the world's worst polluted city in 2014 among about 1,600 cities the organisation tracked around the world. [58] The highest being in the Punjabi Bagh district with an air quality index of 999 and in the RK Puram district with an index of 852. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman, and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both north and south sites. [32] The average annual rainfall is 714 millimetres (28.1 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August. [80], New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The Delhi Durbar of 1911, with King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary seated upon the dais. [105], New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north–south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. New Delhi (/ˈdɛli/ (listen),[5] Hindi: [ˈnəiː ˈdɪlːiː] Naī Dillī) is the capital of India and an administrative district of NCT Delhi. [31]It lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. [17] The city that was later dubbed "Lutyens' Delhi" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Viceroy Lord Irwin. Automated System of Allotment Govt. 53,976 ($1,200). The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. [71] There are also communities of Muslims (4.5%), Christians (2.9%), Sikhs (2.0%), Jains (0.4%). [111] The network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to reach Ghaziabad and Noida in Uttar Pradesh, and Faridabad and Gurgaon in Haryana. The District Administration in Delhi is the de-facto enforcement department for all kinds of Government Policies and exercises supervisory powers over numerous other functionaries of the Government. The city is home to numerous international organisations. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge. The Census was first started under British Viceroy Lord Mayo in 1872. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. New Delhi is connected by road to the rest of India through National highways: New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. [84] Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi. [26] Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.[27]. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. [10], During the Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911, George V, Emperor of India, while laying the foundation stone for the viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp, declared that the capital of the Raj would be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. [87] It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War. Delhi, the capital of India, is the second most populated city in the country. [123] New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926, with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj, and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931. What is Census? 830.85 billion (for the year 2004–05)[79] and a per capita income of Rs. [66], On 5 November 2020, New Delhi recorded its most toxic day in a year, as the concentration of poisonous PM2.5 particles was recorded at 14 times the WHO's safe limit. [61], During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India, The water quality of the Yamuna and Ganges river basins have improved as industries are closed due to the lockdown. "[57] However, the subcity of Dwarka, located in the southwest district, has a substantially low level of air pollution. He famously resigned[113] from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse[114] which took five lives. In addition, more than 42.7 million children in India are out of school. At the NSIT University campus, located in sector 3 Dwarka, pollution levels were as low as 93 PPM. The head of state of Delhi is the lieutenant governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the president of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the chief minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers.