Considered descendants of the Ottoman administrators that once ruled the Arab world, with their own language and proud history, Turkmen have long struggled to find their own place within modern Iraq. Iraqis - Wikipedia According to the 1957 census, Kirkuk city was 37.63% Iraqi Turkmen , 33.26% Kurdish with Arabs and Assyrians making up less than 23% of its population. Another 1,200 Turkmen women and children are still being kept as hostages. The majority of the Iraqi Turkmen community adhere to Islam and are divided into two sectors: Sunni (about 60%) and Shiite (about 40%). [59] Religion. viii List of Tables Table No. The presence of large numbers of Turkmen in a … Retrouvez Iraqi Turkmens et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Choisir vos préférences en matière de cookies. Turkmen leaders fear that their community is at risk of political and cultural assimilation. However, the Iraqi Turkmen belong to a robust ethnical sympathy to Turkey. The written language of the Iraqi Turkmen is based on Istanbul Turkish using the modern Turkish alphabet. [49] The Turkish language was recognized as a minority language in Kirkuk and Kifri in 1930, [50] until the military junta introduced the names "Turkman" and "Turkmanja" in 1959 with the aim of politically distancing the Turks of Iraq from Turkey. Indeed, the Turkmen of Iraq consider themselves Iraqis. Description Page No. 1 talking about this. The vowels were grouped into two groups of 4, according to an internal sound harmony. Azerbaijani (/ ˌ æ z ər b aɪ ˈ dʒ ɑː n i /) or Azeri (/ æ ˈ z ɛər i, ɑː-, ə-/), also referred to as Azerbaijani Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijani people, who live mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan where the North Azerbaijani variety is spoken, and in the Azerbaijan region of Iran, where the South Azerbaijani variety is spoken. Iraq is a country for 100 years, with boundaries installed and recognized by international treaties. Turkmen or Torkoman (Türkmençe, türkmen dili, түркменче, түркмен дили, تورکمن تیلی ,تورکمنچه), is a Turkic language spoken by 3½ million people in Turkmenistan, where it is the official state language, as well as by around 2 million people in northeastern Iran and 1½ million people in northwestern Afghanistan. Territories like Baghdad, Nineveh, Erbil, and Saladin have significant populations of Iraqi Turkmens. The Iraqi Turkmen/Turkomans generally consider several major cities, and small districts associated with these cities, as part of their homeland. [17] [42] Discrimination The Iraqi Turkmen Front (ITF, Turkish: Irak Türkmen Cephesi, Arabic: الجبهة التركمانية العراقية ‎, al-Jabha al-Turkmāniya al-Irāqiya) is a political movement founded in 1995 which seeks to represent the Iraqi Turkmen people. Abdülvahit Küzecioğlu (1925-2007) was a singer of Iraqi Turkmen origins, born in Kirkuk, widely popular in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Iran in the mid 20th century. The Turkish language was recognized as a minority language in Kirkuk and Kifri in 1930, until the military junta introduced the names "Turkman" and "Turkmanja" in 1959 with the aim of politically distancing the Turks of Iraq from Turkey. Language. After 1991, the study of Turkish in the Latin alphabet as part of the Iraqi Turkmen school curriculum was accepted and supported by those who regarded Turkish it as the “pure’ Turkic language. Iraqi Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in the country. [20] During this period, the Arabic alphabet was used extensively for writing. This has been another challenge for the Turkmen language in Iraq. 4 Soner Çağaptay, “Turkmens, the Soft Underbelly of the War in Northern Iraq,” Policy Watch #735, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 23 March 2003. The Iraqi Turkmen are a community of around 3 million, predominantly present in the Iraqi provinces of Mosul, Erbil, Kerkuk, Salahaddin and Diya, Baghdad and Wasit. Iraq is also home to the Iraqi Turkmens who observe Turkish identity and speak the Turkmen language. The Turkmen language is notable for having dental fricatives; Bashkir is the only other Turkic language to have these sounds. These three varieties are not Turkmen in the sense of this article. Kirkuk is a flashpoint for Iraqi politics. Moreover, Iraqi and Syrian "Turkmen" speak dialects that form a continuum between Turkish and Azerbaijani, in both cases heavily influenced by Arabic. IRAQ: Turkmen approved as official language. It was founded on April 5 1995 as a coalition of several Turkmen parties operating within the framework of Iraq's unity. it also investigated the factors that supported the use of Turkmen and Arabic languages.This study also attempted to explore the domains of use of Turkmen and Arabic. These monosyllabic words were made out of strong velar and dental consonants joined to 8 different vowels. 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Sample 32 2 Language Use at Home and among the Family … … ‎"ان التقوقع الفكري او عدم الشفافية عند الفرد او المجتمع كحجب الشمس عن كائن حي وعندها لا مفر من تعفن الحس والتفكير"‎ This ethnic group speaks Persian. Under Article 4 of the Iraqi Constitution, the Iraqi Turkmen dialect is an official language in "the administrative units in which they constitute density of population". The country also has a population of ethnic Persians who found themselves in Iraq after Iraq and Iran were given clear borders. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion. Iraq’s Turkmen have suffered immensely since ISIL’s emergence. The Iraqi Turkmen (Azerbaijani: İraq Türkmanları/İraq Türkləri, Turkish: Irak Türkmenleri/Irak Türkleri) are a Turkic ethnic group and the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds.They mainly reside in northern Iraq and share close cultural ties with Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan, and other Turkic countries. The major cities claimed to be a part of Turkmeneli, in a north-to-south order, include: Mosul, Erbil, Kirkuk, Salahaldeen and Diala, Tal Afar, Sancar Altun Kupri, Kifri, Khanaqin, Kizil Ribat, Bakuba and Mendeli. The Iraqi Turkmen Front is the most important of those parties that followed a course which contradicts the Kurds’ projects and ambitions, and the Turkish state played a pivotal role in supporting Turkmen nationalist movements and nurturing nationalist tendencies by profiting from the Turkmen card to meddle with Iraqi internal affairs and protect its strategic interests, i.e. Nous utilisons des cookies et des outils similaires pour faciliter vos achats, fournir nos services, pour comprendre comment les clients utilisent nos services afin de pouvoir apporter des améliorations, et pour présenter des annonces. The written language of the Iraqi Turkmen is based on Istanbul Turkish using the modern Turkish alphabet. ... Arabic is taught across all schools in Iraq, however in the north the Kurdish language is the most spoken. The Iraqi Turkmen Front (Arabic: الجبهة التركمانية العراقية ‎, al-Jabha al-Turkmāniya al-Irāqiya; Turkish: Irak Türkmen Cephesi), also abbreviated as ITF, is a political movement representing the Iraqi Turkmen people. The Turkmen language was used officially in Iraqi provinces such as Kirkuk and Irbil as far back as 80 years ago, he said, adding that the practice was later banned. The Turkmen/Turkoman homeland. The Language Situation among the Iraqi Turkmen of Kirkuk: A Sociolinguistic Study By: Sara Mohammad Dhyaa Supervised by: Dr. Abd Al-Rahman Abu Hilal Abstract This study aimed at investigating the language situation among the Turkmen of Kirkuk\Iraq, explored the attitudes of the Turkmen of Kirkuk towards Turkmen and Arabic. The Iraqi Turkmen speak their own dialect of Turkish and have particularly close linguistic ties with the Anatolian region of Turkey. The Iraqi Turkmen defended their rightful existence in the city of Kirkuk and strived to preserve their Turkish language and heritage. Subhi Saatci, Iraq Türkmen Boyları, Oymaklar ve Yerleşim Bölgeleri [The Tribes and Branches of the Iraqi Turkmen] (Istanbul: Kerkük Vakfı Yayınları, 2009). Eastern Aramaic languages, such as Syriac and Mandaic are spoken, as well as the Iraqi Turkoman language, and various other indigenous languages. Tensions have been high there, with Turkmen residents protesting the outcome of last month's election. There is no Iraqi Turkmen group, who publicly announce their intention to be connected to Turkey. The Iraqi Turkmen language is heavily influenced by Ottoman Turkic language, with some Arabic words being used as well due to religious and regional reasons. The most spoken languages are Mesopotamian Arabic (which is taught and spoken by all those living in Iraq), Kurdish, Syriac and Iraqi Turkmen of the Turkish language. Already in the 18th century, there was a rich literature in the Turkmen language. The Proto-language of Central Asia The words of the Proto-language were all monosyllabic. The Iraqi Turkmen dialect is often called "Turkoman", [58] "Turkmenelian" [38] or "Turkmen", [6] but should not be confused with the Turkmen language spoken in Turkmenistan. The Iraqi Turkmen leader said that he considers the ratification of the amendment meaningful especially in a period of violent incidents against Turkmens. A rare book, printed in Kirkuk, Iraq, in Iraqi Turkmen language, contains lyrics of the popular singer Abdülvahit Küzecioğlu, accompanied with his portraits. 5.3.1 Factors Supporting the Use of the Turkmen language 68 5.3.2 Factors Supporting the Use of Arabic 69 5.4 Conclusions 70 5.5 Recommendations for Future Research 71 References 72 English References 72 Arabic References 78 79-112 Appendices. Turkmen written language was formed in the 13-14th centuries. This study aimed at investigating the language situation among the Turkmen of Kirkuk\Iraq, explored the attitudes of the Turkmen of Kirkuk towards Turkmen and Arabic. The 4 thick vowels are a (as a in abut), ugh (as a strong velar i or y), o (as o in go) and u (as u in you). Mehdi al-Beyati, a spokesperson for the Turkmen Rescue Foundation and former Iraqi minister of human rights, estimates that 600,000 Turkmen have been driven from their homes and scattered into refugee camps. State Minister for Province Affairs Turhan Müft ü said that the Council of Minister had approved the special law accepted the Turkmen language as the official language in regions with dense Turkmen populations today. Turkmen leaders fear that their community is at risk of political and cultural assimilation.
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